DisCoverJ is a Java-based tool which can automatically tag your MP3 files with their cover art.

The program's default settings make it very easy to use. Simply drag and drop your MP3s onto disCoverJ, click the Search button bottom-right, and you're done. DisCoverJ uses multiple search engines to find your artwork (iTunes, Amazon, Google, Bing, Deezer, Spotify, Discogs, Gracenote), downloads it, tags the files, and displays the results.

In our experience this works very well, but it's not 100% accurate by any means, and that can lead to problems. If you'd like to remove the tags from 40+ tracks, for instance, there's no multiselect option which allows you to choose them all. Instead you must click a track, click the Remove icon, click the next track, click Remove, click the next track...

If complete automation doesn't work for you, disCoverJ's Settings dialog offers some alternatives, including allowing you to manually select images before the original files are updated.